Though best-known as an epigenetic driver of queen development in A. As such, additional methods of maintaining mESCs in an ICM state are required. However, recent findings suggest that prolonged Mek1/2 suppression may have detrimental effects on the epigenetic and genetic integrity of mESCs, effectively limiting their developmental potential 10, 11. In particular, use of two small molecule inhibitors targeting MAPK/ERK Kinase (Mek) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) in addition to Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in serum-free media permitted derivation of germline-competent ESCs that resemble the mature mouse inner cell mass (ICM) 9. Although differences exist in the specific signaling pathways that control self-renewal and lineage development, culture conditions that allow for derivation and maintenance of stem cells have been identified 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. The regulation of self-renewal and differentiation potential in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) occurs through complex transcriptional networks orchestrated by conserved transcription factors 1, 2.
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